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语法系列

语法系列

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(一)表示能力

can/could

1.can表示与生俱来的能力或客观可能性,还可表示请求和允许

2.在疑问句中,用could可表示请求,语气较委婉

3.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)

例如Can this be true?

4.can never/can't ...too表示“无论怎样..也不过分”

例如You can't be too careful while crossing

the road.你过马路的时候再小心也不为过

5.can  not+比较级=最高级

I can't find a better place.

(二)表示义务

语气由弱到强:ought to/should→ have to →must

(三)表示可能性

语气由弱到强might→may→could(can)→should→ought to→will→must

must

1.must表示肯定的猜测,译为“一定”不用于否定句或疑问句,mustn't表示“禁止”

2.表示“坚持”,常用于固定句式:(责备意味)

if you must do sth.如果你非得要做某事

(四)表示允许

may/might:

1.表示许可。表请求、允许时,might比may的语气更委婉些

2.用于祈使句中表示祝愿

May you succeed.

3.表示推测、可能(只用于肯定句)

(五)表示提出要求

正式由弱到强:will→can→could→would

(六)表示提出建议

1.shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方意见、向对方请示或提供帮助

2.shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁

(七)表示提供帮助

will/would:

1.表示请求、建议等,would比will委婉客气

常用:wuold you like

2.表示意志、愿望和决心

3.表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性,翻译为“经常、总是”

(八)表示提出意见

should

1.表示劝告、建议、命令,同义词ought to,

在疑问句中通常用should代替ought to

2.用于第一人称时可表示说话人一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气

3.should表示意外或惊讶,翻译为“居然”

4.表示猜测时,指按经验或逻辑判断,翻译成“按说应该”

(九)“情态动词+have done”的用法

①must  have done对过去某事的十分肯定猜测

②may/might have done对过去某事的可能性猜测

③can't/couldn't have done对过去某事的否定猜测

④should/ought to have done过去应该做而未做

⑤shouldn't/oughtn't to have done过去不应该做而实际上做了

⑥needn't have done本没有必要做的事实际却做了

⑦could have done本来能够做的事(有能力做)实际却未做到

(十)可兼做行为动词的情态动词

need和dare

1.情态动词(+动词原形)

①无人称和数的变化

②尤其用于:a.否定句及疑问句中

b.在if/whether之后

c.与hardly,never,no one,nobody连用

③常以needn't和daren't的形式出现

④dare有其过去时dared

2.行为动词:多用于肯定句

(sb.)need/dare to do

(sth.)need to be done

(sth.)need doing

(十一)表示否定的情态动词的用法

mustn't不准,禁止

needn't没必要(=don't have to)

can't不能;不可能

may not不可以;可能不

shouldn't不应该(=ought not to)

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田珊珊 · 2020-02-28 · 情态动词 0

强调句

1.结构:It is/was +强调部分 +that(who)+其他成分

【注意点】

①主谓一致:被强调部分做主语时,形式与谓语动词在人称和数上保持一致

例如It is your father who is wrong this time.

② 人称照应:强调主语用主格,强调宾语用宾格

例如It wak her whom I saw in the street.宾格

It is I who am wrong.主格

③问句形式:

一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调成分+that+句子其他成分+?

Is it the dictionary that you are looking for?

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+句子其他成分+?

What is it that you want me to do?

④当强调not...until结构时,必须将not until连用,后面接肯定式

It was not until at that time that I realized

what trouble he was in.

2.强调句型的判断

把“It is/was....that”去掉,剩余部分句子结构仍然完整,那就是强调句;如果不完整,那就不是强调句

3.强调句型高考考点

①强调句型与定语从句合用,增加试题迷惑性

例如It was on the day when he joined the Party that he was killed.

②强调句型与宾语从句合用,强调句型用于宾语从句

4.It be ...that...句型不能强调谓语部分,若要强调谓语,须在谓语动词原型前面加上助动词do,did,does,有人称、数、时态的变化

例如He did tell me the news.

5.用副词really still even强调

It was hot yesterday,but it is even hotter today.

6.用倒装表示强调

Only in this way can he solve the problem

 

 

 

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倒装语序(谓+主)

(一)完全倒装

完全倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时

1. There be句型及其变体

There be (live/stand/ lie/ seem/ happen/appear…)完全倒装

2. 句首有表示地点,方位或时间的副词(这类副词有here up、down 、 in 、out 、off 、away 、now 、 then 等) ,此时谓语动词常用come, go,  run, rush,jump等,主语为名词

例如Now comes your turn 现在轮到你了

【注意】如果主语为人称代词,则不需要倒装。在完全倒装中一般不用进行时态,而是一般现在时或一般过去时

3.表地点的介词短语位于句首,完全倒装

例如In front of my house stands a tree

4.主系表→表系主

作表语用的形容词、现在/过去分词、介词

短语位于句首,句子完全倒装,以达到强调、

句式平衡或上下文衔接紧密的目的

例如Growing on the hill are varieties of flowers and plants

部分倒装

把be/助动词/情态动词 提前到主语的前面

Is am are was were

 do does did

 can could would may will might 等

1.only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时, 要进行部分倒装

例如Only then did I realize the importance of learning English

【注意】only修饰主语,仍用自然语序,如:Only socialism can save China

2. 否定意义的副词或短语位于句首时,常见的有:

in no way,in no case,by no means,on no account, at no time, under no circumstances(决不,无论如何都不)

not only…but also, never, little, rarely, seldom, hardly(几乎不,几乎没有), no sooner…than,hardly (scarcely)…when, not until 等

【注意1】not until 引导的从句位于句首引起的主句部分倒装(主倒从不倒)

例如Not until his mother came back did he finish his homework

【注意2】not only…but also(只倒前面)

(前倒后不倒​)

例如Not only is Lu Xun a great writer, but also a great thinker

3.  If 虚拟条件从句中.从句有(were/should/

had)

例如If I were you, I would work hard变为

Were I you, I would work hard.

4.so/such…that  前倒后不倒

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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简单句基本句型实例

主语+不及物动词(主+谓)

She came./My head aches.

主语+及物动词+宾语(主+谓+宾)

She likes English.

主语+系动词+表语(主+系+表)

She is happy.

主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(主+谓+双宾)

She gave John a book.

She bought a book for me.

主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语(主+谓+宾+宾补)

She makes her mother angry.

They find it difficult

句型转换(引导词):1.They are good doctors.He told us.——He told us that they were good doctors.

2.He fact that he hadn't said anything at the meeting surprised us.

总结:当从句原来是陈述句时,变成名词性从句用that引导。

3.Does your sister get up early?Do you know?——Do you know it/whether your sisiter gets up early?

4.Do animals have the same senses as humans?I often wonder .——I often wonder if/whether animals have the same senses as humans.

总结:当从句原来是一般疑问句时,变成名词性从句用if或whether引导。

5.When did he buy this new bike?Could you tell me?——Could you tell me when he bought this new bike?

6.My question is this:where will the lecture be given ?/My question is where the lecture will be given.

总结:当从句原来是特殊疑问句时,变成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑问词来引导。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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授课教师

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王义帆 开始学习课时 情态动词
王义帆 开始学习课时 特殊句式之倒装句
王义帆 开始学习课时 特殊句式之强调句
王义帆 开始学习课时 虚拟语气2
王义帆 开始学习课时 虚拟语气 1
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